Sample Gap Analysis Report To Client Top Management
![]()
Executive Summary
From an Evaluation and Commentary of Gap Analyses Acme World Class Supply Management Boot Camp, Redwood City, CA., February 8-16, 2001
A bulletin from the February 20, 2001 Dow-Jones Newswire, quoted Acme's Chief Executive Officer and Founder, Stephen Wallace as saying that Acme will:
" aggressively address current challenges by focusing on growth, controlling costs and being aggressive with pricing."
Much of the success and a way forward that Acme seeks in these difficult times can result from a timely embrace of the principles and spirit embodied in the philosophies of World Class Supply Management? At the recent Supply Management Boot Camp held in Redwood City, California, the principles of World Class Supply Management? were introduced to Acme's Supply Management professionals. A detailed examination of Gap Analysis surveys from Boot Camp participants suggests a "short list" of fundamental challenges, which must be immediately addressed and surmounted for Acme to ensure it's success and goal of controlling costs.
Move Away From a Model Characterized By Transactional, Arms-Length/Adversarial Supplier Relations Toward More Collaborative and Partnership Relationships.
Aggressively Employ Cross-Functional Teams, not only Within Acme, But Also To It's "Extended Enterprise" Members -- It's Suppliers.
Eliminate A Focus On Price-Buying -- Move Toward a "Total Cost Of Ownership" Model.
Employ Demand Management Principles to Address Product Forecast Error.
Achieving the transformation at Acme necessary to achieve these goals can best be assured through the deployment of the principles of World Class Supply Management? not only within the Supply Management organization, but to every function within Acme, and ultimately throughout Acme's supplier community. As one scholar recently noted:
"Much of the knowledge that is relevant to a firms continued success has likely been developed Outside the firm --- with that firm's suppliers."
Firms such as Harley-Davidson, Honda North America, and John Deere have attributed much of their success -- even survival -- to the adoption of World Class Supply Management? as a major competitive advantage. We believe that Acme is ideally positioned to undertake a similar transformation.
Acme World Class Supply Management Boot Camp
Redwood City, CA.
February 8-16, 2001
Evaluation and Commentary of Gap Analyses
Introduction:
The objective of this commentary is to offer an analysis of various "gaps" revealed during the delivery of three two-day fundamentals courses (or Supply Management 'Boot Camps") for Acme, Inc., at an off-site location in Redwood City, California, to the supply management professionals of Acme, February 8-16, 2001.
As used in achieving the objective of World Class Supply Management status, a "Gap" may be defined as: "an indication of the "distance" from where an organization and its individuals are at a given point in time in terms of both understanding and capabilities, to where they must be to achieve World Class Supply Management status." Thus, an informal gap analysis, should reveal areas of weakness, -- or opportunities for improvement -- which should be addressed by the organization. Further, a gap analysis gains added legitimacy, as the perceived gaps between existing practice and WCSM are offered by the organization's employees themselves.
Elements of the Acme Supply Management Boot Camp.
The following topics were offered to three groups of Acme employees, with each Boot Camp session covering two days of intensive delivery. The following topics were delivered by SSMI:
World Class Supply Management
Cross-Functional Teams
Source Selection
e-Commerce
Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics
The requirements Process
Finance
Sources of Supply
Price, Cost, and Total Cost of Ownership
Negotiations
Managing for Quality
Logistics
Post Award Activities
The World Class Supply Management Model.
The following four-stage model of World Class Supply Management offers a segmented view of functional, process, and even individual competencies required for an organization and its individuals to attain World Class status of its supply management operations.

Figure 1. World Class Supply Chain Model
The WCSM Model complements and underscores the vision of the future of Acme's Supply Management organization and its individuals as presented by Acme's Mr. Robin l. Williams:

Figure 2. Acme Supply Management Gap Analysis
At the opening of each of the three Boot Camp sessions dealing with World Class Supply Management, Dr. David N. Burt asked that the participants examine the characteristics of each stage of the Four-Stage WCSM model. The majority of Acme Supply Management professionals indicated with a show of hands that they viewed themselves astride Stage TWO ("Mechanical") and Stage THREE ("Proactive") -- with a bias of a majority of their collective activities supporting Stage THREE actions. However, a detailed review and analysis of the Gap Analysis forms solicited after each segment of Boot Camp education suggests that actual Supply Management performance rests firmly in Stage TWO ("Mechanical") of the WCSM model.
General Conclusions from An Examination of Acme Gap Analyses.
The following are conclusions derived from a topical examination of the Gap Analysis forms submitted by Acme Supply Management professionals at the Supply Management Boot Camp held in Redwood City, California:
A pervasive "price-buying mentality" pervades the Acme organization.
There is both functional and process fragmentation within the Supply Management organization.
Cross-functional teamwork is the exception, and not the norm.
The potentials of e-Commerce are not well understood.
The majority of supplier relationships are characterized as transactional and/or arms-length/adversarial.
Key sourcing decisions are performed outside of the Supply Management organization, and are the province of both Marketing and Engineering.
A Fundamental understanding of financial analysis a necessary component of supplier selection is largely absent.
Formal training and education in the negotiation process is largely absent.
"Quality Thinking" and progressive quality values are mostly absent from supplier selection and supplier relationship development activities.
The concept of "Demand Management" and the management of forecast error measured against actual order consumption against the forecast of Acme products is absent.
Post Award Activities are best characterized as reactive.
A detailed analysis of the student responses (Gap Analyses) are provided in Appendix I, " Topical Analysis of Boot Camp Gap Analyses." The detailed analysis provides both a tabular as well as graphic summary of the Gap Analysis responses collected from the participants at the Redwood City presentations. Moreover, they afford support for the major "Gaps" noted above.
Ranked by the number of responses (Gap Analyses) from Boot Camp participants for each of the program topics, both World Class Supply Management and the section on Cross-Functional Teams ranked the highest. The least number of Gap responses were received for Finance and e-Commerce. In the case of e-Commerce, this was due not to a lack of perception or interest, but as a result of the press of time (due directly to technology failures), and a decision, in the interest of time, not to perform a Gap Analysis in two of three sessions. These observations are portrayed in Figure 3., "Gap Analyses Ranked By Number of Responses:"

Figure 3. Gap Analyses Ranked By Number of Responses
In analyzing the total number of perceived 'Gaps" against topics delivered, the highest number of perceived gaps were in both World Class Supply Management and Cross-Functional Teams, followed with equal gap perceptions in Source Selection, Quality Management, and Negotiations. The least number of perceived gaps were noted in the areas of Finance and e-Commerce. Figure 4, "Gap Analyses Ranked By Number of Responses" shows these relationships:

Figure 4. Gap Analyses Ranked by Number of Responses
In analyzing the proportion of Gap responses against the number of responses by topic, almost all topics delivered evidenced a high proportion of perceived gaps. Thus, regardless of the total number of respondents for each topic, all topics were worthy of a "perceived gap." The topics with the highest proportion of gaps were: World Class Supply Management, Cross-Functional Teams, followed by Quality Management, Negotiations, and Source Selection. This is portrayed in Figure 5, '"Gap Analyses By Topic; Proportion of Perceived Gaps v. Number of Respondents":

APPENDIX I. Acme World Class Supply Management Boot Camp
February 8-16, 2001
Topical Evaluation of Boot Camp Gap Analyses
1. World Class Supply Management
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
|
World Class Supply Management |
94 |
84 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
Table 1. WCSM Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Lowest Price V. TCO Perspective |
28 |
33% |
|
Process/Organizational |
43 |
52% |
|
Communications |
13 |
15% |
|
Other |
0 |
0 |
|
TOTAL |
84 |
100% |
Table 2. WCSM Gap Nature Distribution
Figure 6. WCSM Gap Perceived Causes
2. Cross Functional Teams
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
||||||||||||||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
|||||||||||||
|
Cross Functional Teams |
85 |
77 |
7 |
0 |
1 |
|||||||||||||
Table 3. Cross Functional Teams Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Process/Organizational |
37 |
48% |
|
Reactive v. Proactive |
3 |
4% |
|
Absence of Empowerment |
9 |
23% |
|
Absence of CFT Training |
18 |
12% |
|
Internal v. External Focus |
10 |
13% |
|
TOTAL |
77 |
100% |
Table 4. Cross Functional Teams Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 7. Cross Functional Teams Gap Perceived Causes
3. e-Commerce
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
e-Commerce |
22 |
20 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Table 5. e-Commerce Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Conceptual Understanding of
e-Commerce Potential |
11 |
55% |
|
Process Reengineering Required |
3 |
15% |
|
Use of Web-Based Communications v. Paper |
4 |
20% |
|
Internal Systems Integration Absent |
2 |
10% |
|
TOTAL |
20 |
100% |
Table 6. e-Commerce Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 8. e-Commerce Gap Perceived Causes
4. Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
|
|
Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics |
52 |
42 |
6 |
4 |
0 |
|
Table 7. Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
||
|
Practice Transactional-Arms-Length Relations |
28 |
66% |
||
|
Uneven Ethical Practice |
8 |
19% |
||
|
Internal Process |
4 |
10% |
||
|
International/Cultural Sensitivity |
2 |
5% |
||
|
TOTAL |
42 |
100% |
||
Table 8. Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 9. Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics Gap Perceived Causes
5. The Requirements Process
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
||
|
The Requirements Process |
54 |
43 |
9 |
2 |
0 |
||
Table 9. The Requirements Process Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Early Purchasing Involvement/
Early Supplier Involvement |
33 |
77% |
|
NPI/Specifications Process |
9 |
21% |
|
Communications |
1 |
2% |
|
TOTAL |
43 |
100% |
Table 10. The Requirements Process Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 10. The Requirements Process Gap Perceived Causes
6. Finance
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
||
|
Finance |
48 |
26 |
1 |
21 |
0 |
||
Table 11. Finance Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Conceptual Knowledge |
8 |
31% |
|
Process |
13 |
50% |
|
Training/Education |
5 |
19% |
|
TOTAL |
26 |
100% |
Table 12. Finance Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 11. Finance Gap Perceived Causes
7. Sources of Supply
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
||
|
Sources of Supply |
67 |
52 |
13 |
2 |
0 |
||
Table 13. Sources of Supply Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Process-Upstream Source Selection |
12 |
23% |
|
Process - Inconsistent Evaluation |
30 |
58% |
|
Communications |
3 |
6% |
|
Reactive/Price-Buying Mentality |
7 |
13% |
|
TOTAL |
52 |
100% |
Table 14. Sources of Supply Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 12. Sources of Supply Perceived Causes
8. Price, Cost, Total Cost of Ownership
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
||
|
Price, Cost, Total Cost of Ownership |
57 |
47 |
7 |
1 |
2 |
||
Table 15. Price, Cost, TCO Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Reactive/Price-Buying Mentality |
30 |
54% |
|
Process - Inconsistent Application |
15 |
32% |
|
Communications |
2 |
14% |
|
TOTAL |
47 |
100% |
Table 16. Price, Cost, TCO Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 13. Price, Cost, Total Cost of Ownership Perceived Causes
9. Negotiations
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
||
|
Negotiations |
63 |
52 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
||
Table 17. Negotiations Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Reactive/Price-Buying Mentality |
8 |
15% |
|
Process - Inconsistent Application |
40 |
77% |
|
Training/Education Needed |
2 |
4% |
|
No Perceived Involvement |
2 |
4% |
|
TOTAL |
52 |
100% |
Table 18. Negotiations Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 14. Negotiations Perceived Causes
10. Managing For Quality
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
||
|
Managing for Quality |
66 |
53 |
12 |
0 |
1 |
||
Table 19. Managing For Quality Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Traditional Appraisal Mindset |
8 |
15 % |
|
Process - Inconsistent Application |
28 |
53 % |
|
Conceptual --Training/Education Needed |
17 |
32 % |
|
TOTAL |
53 |
100% |
Table 20. Managing For Quality Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 15. Managing For Quality
11. Logistics
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
||
|
Logistics |
54 |
48 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
||
Table 21. Logistics Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Demand Management-Forecast Error |
18 |
38% |
|
Process - Inconsistent Application |
15 |
31% |
|
Conceptual --Training/Education Needed |
15 |
31% |
|
TOTAL |
48 |
100% |
Table 22. Logistics Gap Nature Distribution

12. Post Award Activities
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|||
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
||
|
Post Award Activities |
53 |
48 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
||
Table 23. . Post Award Activities Gap Analysis Distribution
|
PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP |
No. Surveyed |
Percentage |
|
Process - Inconsistent Application |
31 |
65 % |
|
Conceptual --Training/Education Needed |
17 |
35 % |
|
TOTAL |
48 |
100% |
Table 24. Post Award Activities Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 17. Post Award Activities
|
GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
|
World Class Supply Management |
94 |
84 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
|
Cross Functional Teams |
85 |
77 |
7 |
0 |
1 |
|
e-Commerce |
22 |
20 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics |
52 |
42 |
6 |
4 |
0 |
|
The Requirements Process |
54 |
43 |
9 |
2 |
0 |
|
Finance |
48 |
26 |
1 |
21 |
0 |
|
Source Selection |
67 |
52 |
13 |
2 |
0 |
|
Price,Cost, Total Cost of Ownership |
57 |
47 |
7 |
1 |
2 |
|
Negotiations |
63 |
52 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
|
Quality Management |
66 |
53 |
12 |
0 |
1 |
|
Logistics |
55 |
48 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
|
Post-Award Activities |
53 |
48 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
|
TOTAL |
716 |
592 |
67 |
46 |
11 |
|
Ranked By Number of Responses |
Hi to Low |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
|
World Class Supply Management |
94 |
84 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
|
Cross Functional Teams |
85 |
77 |
7 |
0 |
1 |
|
Source Selection |
67 |
52 |
13 |
2 |
0 |
|
Quality Management |
66 |
53 |
12 |
0 |
1 |
|
Negotiations |
63 |
52 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
|
Price,Cost, Total Cost of Ownership |
57 |
47 |
7 |
1 |
2 |
|
Logistics |
55 |
48 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
|
The Requirements Process |
54 |
43 |
9 |
2 |
0 |
|
Post-Award Activities |
53 |
48 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
|
Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics |
52 |
42 |
6 |
4 |
0 |
|
Finance |
48 |
26 |
1 |
21 |
0 |
|
e-Commerce |
22 |
20 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
TOTAL |
716 |
592 |
67 |
46 |
11 |
|
Ranked By Acknowledgement of Gap |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
|
World Class Supply Management |
94 |
84 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
|
Cross Functional Teams |
85 |
77 |
7 |
0 |
1 |
|
Quality Management |
66 |
53 |
12 |
0 |
1 |
|
Source Selection |
67 |
52 |
13 |
2 |
0 |
|
Negotiations |
63 |
52 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
|
Logistics |
55 |
48 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
|
Post-Award Activities |
53 |
48 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
|
Price,Cost, Total Cost of Ownership |
57 |
47 |
7 |
1 |
2 |
|
The Requirements Process |
54 |
43 |
9 |
2 |
0 |
|
Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics |
52 |
42 |
6 |
4 |
0 |
|
Finance |
48 |
26 |
1 |
21 |
0 |
|
e-Commerce |
22 |
20 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
TOTAL |
716 |
592 |
67 |
46 |
11 |
|
Ranked By No Perceived Gap |
GAP |
GAP |
GAP |
No Response |
|
|
WORKSHOP TOPIC |
n= |
YES |
NO |
DON'T KNOW |
** |
|
Source Selection |
67 |
52 |
13 |
2 |
0 |
|
Quality Management |
66 |
53 |
12 |
0 |
1 |
|
The Requirements Process |
54 |
43 |
9 |
2 |
0 |
|
World Class Supply Management |
94 |
84 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
|
Cross Functional Teams |
85 |
77 |
7 |
0 |
1 |
|
Price,Cost, Total Cost of Ownership |
57 |
47 |
7 |
1 |
|