Sample Gap Analysis Report To Client Top Management
 
 

Executive Summary

From an Evaluation and Commentary of Gap Analyses Acme World Class Supply Management Boot Camp, Redwood City, CA., February 8-16, 2001
 
 

A bulletin from the February 20, 2001 Dow-Jones Newswire, quoted Acme's Chief Executive Officer and Founder, Stephen Wallace as saying that Acme will:

"…aggressively address current challenges by focusing on growth, controlling costs and being aggressive with pricing."
 
 

Much of the success and a way forward that Acme seeks in these difficult times can result from a timely embrace of the principles and spirit embodied in the philosophies of World Class Supply Management? At the recent Supply Management Boot Camp held in Redwood City, California, the principles of World Class Supply Management? were introduced to Acme's Supply Management professionals. A detailed examination of Gap Analysis surveys from Boot Camp participants suggests a "short list" of fundamental challenges, which must be immediately addressed and surmounted for Acme to ensure it's success and goal of controlling costs.

Move Away From a Model Characterized By Transactional, Arms-Length/Adversarial Supplier Relations Toward More Collaborative and Partnership Relationships.
 
 

Aggressively Employ Cross-Functional Teams, not only Within Acme, But Also To It's "Extended Enterprise" Members -- It's Suppliers.
 
 

Eliminate A Focus On Price-Buying -- Move Toward a "Total Cost Of Ownership" Model.
 
 

Employ Demand Management Principles to Address Product Forecast Error.
 
 

Achieving the transformation at Acme necessary to achieve these goals can best be assured through the deployment of the principles of World Class Supply Management? not only within the Supply Management organization, but to every function within Acme, and ultimately throughout Acme's supplier community. As one scholar recently noted:
 
 

"Much of the knowledge that is relevant to a firm’s continued success has likely been developed Outside the firm --- with that firm's suppliers."
 
 

Firms such as Harley-Davidson, Honda North America, and John Deere have attributed much of their success -- even survival -- to the adoption of World Class Supply Management? as a major competitive advantage. We believe that Acme is ideally positioned to undertake a similar transformation.





Acme World Class Supply Management Boot Camp

Redwood City, CA.

February 8-16, 2001

Evaluation and Commentary of Gap Analyses

Introduction:
 
 

The objective of this commentary is to offer an analysis of various "gaps" revealed during the delivery of three two-day fundamentals courses (or Supply Management 'Boot Camps") for Acme, Inc., at an off-site location in Redwood City, California, to the supply management professionals of Acme, February 8-16, 2001.
 
 

As used in achieving the objective of World Class Supply Management status, a "Gap" may be defined as: "an indication of the "distance" from where an organization and its individuals are at a given point in time in terms of both understanding and capabilities, to where they must be to achieve World Class Supply Management status." Thus, an informal gap analysis, should reveal areas of weakness, -- or opportunities for improvement -- which should be addressed by the organization. Further, a gap analysis gains added legitimacy, as the perceived gaps between existing practice and WCSM are offered by the organization's employees themselves.
 
 

Elements of the Acme Supply Management Boot Camp.
 
 

The following topics were offered to three groups of Acme employees, with each Boot Camp session covering two days of intensive delivery. The following topics were delivered by SSMI:
 
 

World Class Supply Management

Cross-Functional Teams

Source Selection

e-Commerce

Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics

The requirements Process

Finance

Sources of Supply

Price, Cost, and Total Cost of Ownership

Negotiations

Managing for Quality

Logistics

Post Award Activities

The World Class Supply Management Model.
 
 

The following four-stage model of World Class Supply Management offers a segmented view of functional, process, and even individual competencies required for an organization and its individuals to attain World Class status of its supply management operations.
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 

Figure 1. World Class Supply Chain Model

The WCSM Model complements and underscores the vision of the future of Acme's Supply Management organization and its individuals as presented by Acme's Mr. Robin l. Williams:
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 

Figure 2. Acme Supply Management Gap Analysis
 
 

At the opening of each of the three Boot Camp sessions dealing with World Class Supply Management, Dr. David N. Burt asked that the participants examine the characteristics of each stage of the Four-Stage WCSM model. The majority of Acme Supply Management professionals indicated with a show of hands that they viewed themselves astride Stage TWO ("Mechanical") and Stage THREE ("Proactive") -- with a bias of a majority of their collective activities supporting Stage THREE actions. However, a detailed review and analysis of the Gap Analysis forms solicited after each segment of Boot Camp education suggests that actual Supply Management performance rests firmly in Stage TWO ("Mechanical") of the WCSM model.
 
 

General Conclusions from An Examination of Acme Gap Analyses.
 
 

The following are conclusions derived from a topical examination of the Gap Analysis forms submitted by Acme Supply Management professionals at the Supply Management Boot Camp held in Redwood City, California:

 

A pervasive "price-buying mentality" pervades the Acme organization.
 
 

There is both functional and process fragmentation within the Supply Management organization.
 
 

Cross-functional teamwork is the exception, and not the norm.
 
 

The potentials of e-Commerce are not well understood.
 
 

The majority of supplier relationships are characterized as transactional and/or arms-length/adversarial.
 
 

Key sourcing decisions are performed outside of the Supply Management organization, and are the province of both Marketing and Engineering.
 
 

A Fundamental understanding of financial analysis a necessary component of supplier selection is largely absent.
 
 

Formal training and education in the negotiation process is largely absent.
 
 

"Quality Thinking" and progressive quality values are mostly absent from supplier selection and supplier relationship development activities.
 
 

The concept of "Demand Management" and the management of forecast error measured against actual order consumption against the forecast of Acme products is absent.
 
 

Post Award Activities are best characterized as reactive.


 
 
 
 

A detailed analysis of the student responses (Gap Analyses) are provided in Appendix I, " Topical Analysis of Boot Camp Gap Analyses." The detailed analysis provides both a tabular as well as graphic summary of the Gap Analysis responses collected from the participants at the Redwood City presentations. Moreover, they afford support for the major "Gaps" noted above.
 
 
 
 

Ranked by the number of responses (Gap Analyses) from Boot Camp participants for each of the program topics, both World Class Supply Management and the section on Cross-Functional Teams ranked the highest. The least number of Gap responses were received for Finance and e-Commerce. In the case of e-Commerce, this was due not to a lack of perception or interest, but as a result of the press of time (due directly to technology failures), and a decision, in the interest of time, not to perform a Gap Analysis in two of three sessions. These observations are portrayed in Figure 3., "Gap Analyses Ranked By Number of Responses:"
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 

Figure 3. Gap Analyses Ranked By Number of Responses
 
 
 
 

In analyzing the total number of perceived 'Gaps" against topics delivered, the highest number of perceived gaps were in both World Class Supply Management and Cross-Functional Teams, followed with equal gap perceptions in Source Selection, Quality Management, and Negotiations. The least number of perceived gaps were noted in the areas of Finance and e-Commerce. Figure 4, "Gap Analyses Ranked By Number of Responses" shows these relationships:
 
 


 
 

Figure 4. Gap Analyses Ranked by Number of Responses
 
 
 
 

In analyzing the proportion of Gap responses against the number of responses by topic, almost all topics delivered evidenced a high proportion of perceived gaps. Thus, regardless of the total number of respondents for each topic, all topics were worthy of a "perceived gap." The topics with the highest proportion of gaps were: World Class Supply Management, Cross-Functional Teams, followed by Quality Management, Negotiations, and Source Selection. This is portrayed in Figure 5, '"Gap Analyses By Topic; Proportion of Perceived Gaps v. Number of Respondents":
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Figure 5. Gap Analyses By Topic: Proportion of Perceived Gaps v. Number of Respondents
 
 







APPENDIX I. Acme World Class Supply Management Boot Camp
Redwood City, CA.

February 8-16, 2001
 
 
 
 

Topical Evaluation of Boot Camp Gap Analyses



1. World Class Supply Management
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

World Class Supply Management

94

84

7

3

0


 

Table 1. WCSM Gap Analysis Distribution
 
 
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Lowest Price V. TCO Perspective

28

33%

Process/Organizational

43

52%

Communications

13

15%

Other

0

0

TOTAL

84

100%

Table 2. WCSM Gap Nature Distribution
 
 


 
 

Figure 6. WCSM Gap Perceived Causes
 
 

2. Cross Functional Teams
 
 
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Cross Functional Teams

85

77

7

0

1

Table 3. Cross Functional Teams Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Process/Organizational

37

48%

Reactive v. Proactive

3

4%

Absence of Empowerment

9

23%

Absence of CFT Training

18

12%

Internal v. External Focus

10

13%

TOTAL

77

100%

Table 4. Cross Functional Teams Gap Nature Distribution

Figure 7. Cross Functional Teams Gap Perceived Causes
 
 
 
 

3. e-Commerce
 
 
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

e-Commerce

22

20

0

2

0

Table 5. e-Commerce Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Conceptual Understanding of 

e-Commerce Potential

11

55%

Process Reengineering Required 

3

15%

Use of Web-Based Communications v. Paper 

4

20%

Internal Systems Integration Absent

2

10%

TOTAL

20

100%

Table 6. e-Commerce Gap Nature Distribution


 
 

Figure 8. e-Commerce Gap Perceived Causes
 
 
 
 
 
 

4. Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics

52

42

6

4

0

Table 7. Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Practice Transactional-Arms-Length Relations

28

66%

Uneven Ethical Practice 

8

19%

Internal Process 

4

10%

International/Cultural Sensitivity

2

5%

TOTAL

42

100%

Table 8. Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics Gap Nature Distribution


 
 

Figure 9. Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics Gap Perceived Causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5. The Requirements Process
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

The Requirements Process

54

43

9

2

0


 

Table 9. The Requirements Process Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Early Purchasing Involvement/

Early Supplier Involvement

33

77%

NPI/Specifications Process

9

21%

Communications 

1

2%

TOTAL

43

100%


 
 
 
 

Table 10. The Requirements Process Gap Nature Distribution


 
 

Figure 10. The Requirements Process Gap Perceived Causes
 
 

6. Finance
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Finance

48

26

1

21

0


 

Table 11. Finance Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Conceptual Knowledge 

8

31%

Process

13

50%

Training/Education 

5

19%

TOTAL

26

100%

Table 12. Finance Gap Nature Distribution
 
 

Figure 11. Finance Gap Perceived Causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

7. Sources of Supply
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Sources of Supply

67

52

13

2

0

Table 13. Sources of Supply Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Process-Upstream Source Selection 

12

23%

Process - Inconsistent Evaluation

30

58%

Communications 

3

6%

Reactive/Price-Buying Mentality

7

13%

TOTAL

52

100%

Table 14. Sources of Supply Gap Nature Distribution
 
 

Figure 12. Sources of Supply Perceived Causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

8. Price, Cost, Total Cost of Ownership
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Price, Cost, Total Cost of Ownership

57

47

7

1

2


 

Table 15. Price, Cost, TCO Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Reactive/Price-Buying Mentality

30

54%

Process - Inconsistent Application

15

32%

Communications 

2

14%

TOTAL

47

100%

Table 16. Price, Cost, TCO Gap Nature Distribution
 
 
 
 


 
 

Figure 13. Price, Cost, Total Cost of Ownership Perceived Causes
 
 
 
 
 
 

9. Negotiations
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Negotiations

63

52

4

5

2


 

Table 17. Negotiations Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Reactive/Price-Buying Mentality

8

15%

Process - Inconsistent Application

40

77%

Training/Education Needed 

2

4%

No Perceived Involvement

2

4%

TOTAL

52

100%

Table 18. Negotiations Gap Nature Distribution


 
 

Figure 14. Negotiations Perceived Causes
 
 
 
 
 
 

10. Managing For Quality
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Managing for Quality

66

53

12

0

1


 

Table 19. Managing For Quality Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Traditional Appraisal Mindset

8

15 %

Process - Inconsistent Application

28

53 %

Conceptual --Training/Education Needed 

17

32 %

TOTAL

53

100%

Table 20. Managing For Quality Gap Nature Distribution


 
 

Figure 15. Managing For Quality
 
 

11. Logistics
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Logistics

54

48

1

4

2


 

Table 21. Logistics Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Demand Management-Forecast Error

18

38%

Process - Inconsistent Application

15

31%

Conceptual --Training/Education Needed 

15

31%

TOTAL

48

100%

Table 22. Logistics Gap Nature Distribution
 
 

Figure 16. Logistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

12. Post Award Activities
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Post Award Activities

53

48

0

2

3


 

Table 23. . Post Award Activities Gap Analysis Distribution
 

PERCEIVED NATURE OF GAP

No. Surveyed

Percentage

Process - Inconsistent Application

31

65 %

Conceptual --Training/Education Needed 

17

35 %

TOTAL

48

100%

 Table 24. Post Award Activities Gap Nature Distribution
 
 

Figure 17. Post Award Activities
 
 
 
 
 

GAP ANALYSIS RESPONSE CATEGORIES

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

World Class Supply Management

94

84

7

3

0

Cross Functional Teams

85

77

7

0

1

e-Commerce

22

20

0

2

0

Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics

52

42

6

4

0

The Requirements Process

54

43

9

2

0

Finance

48

26

1

21

0

Source Selection

67

52

13

2

0

Price,Cost, Total Cost of Ownership

57

47

7

1

2

Negotiations

63

52

4

5

2

Quality Management

66

53

12

0

1

Logistics

55

48

1

4

2

Post-Award Activities

53

48

0

2

3

TOTAL

716

592

67

46

11

Ranked By Number of Responses

Hi to Low

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

World Class Supply Management

94

84

7

3

0

Cross Functional Teams

85

77

7

0

1

Source Selection

67

52

13

2

0

Quality Management

66

53

12

0

1

Negotiations

63

52

4

5

2

Price,Cost, Total Cost of Ownership

57

47

7

1

2

Logistics

55

48

1

4

2

The Requirements Process

54

43

9

2

0

Post-Award Activities

53

48

0

2

3

Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics

52

42

6

4

0

Finance

48

26

1

21

0

e-Commerce

22

20

0

2

0

TOTAL

716

592

67

46

11

Ranked By Acknowledgement of Gap

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

World Class Supply Management

94

84

7

3

0

Cross Functional Teams

85

77

7

0

1

Quality Management

66

53

12

0

1

Source Selection

67

52

13

2

0

Negotiations

63

52

4

5

2

Logistics

55

48

1

4

2

Post-Award Activities

53

48

0

2

3

Price,Cost, Total Cost of Ownership

57

47

7

1

2

The Requirements Process

54

43

9

2

0

Buyer-Supplier Relationships/Ethics

52

42

6

4

0

Finance

48

26

1

21

0

e-Commerce

22

20

0

2

0

TOTAL

716

592

67

46

11

Ranked By No Perceived Gap

GAP

GAP

GAP

No Response

WORKSHOP TOPIC

n=

YES

NO

DON'T KNOW

**

Source Selection

67

52

13

2

0

Quality Management

66

53

12

0

1

The Requirements Process

54

43

9

2

0

World Class Supply Management

94

84

7

3

0

Cross Functional Teams

85

77

7

0

1

Price,Cost, Total Cost of Ownership

57

47

7

1