Abstracts of Articles on Innovation and Creativity from the European Journal of Innovation
Management,
1998-2003
Sedona, Arizona
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Title: Activity-Based Management And The Product
Development Process
Author(s): Paolo Maccarrone
Journal: European Journal of Innovation
Management
Year: 1998 Volume: 1 Number: 3 Page: 148 -- 156
DOI: 10.1108/14601069810230234
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Most studies on activity-based
management (ABM) focus on applications in manufacturing environments. Instead,
little attention has been given to the potentialities of ABM for support units,
although these are widely considered to be one of the most relevant sources of
inefficiencies, especially in large firms. The purpose of the paper is to
illustrate how the ABM methodology can be applied to R&D activities, with
particular regard to the product development process. As a matter of fact, when
implementing an ABM system for R&D operations, some relevant theoretical
problems arise, essentially due to the high percentage of non-routine, hardly
standardisable activities. However, if adequately adapted to the characteristics
of this function, ABM can be of great help in a number of issues, such as:
improvement of the efficiency of the activities that constitute the process;
evaluation of the economic benefits that can be gained through a redesign of
processes; improvement of the effectiveness of links between product
development activities; evaluation of product life-cycle costs and budgeting
and control of product development activities.
Title:
Management
Styles In Industrial R&D Organisations
Author(s): Andrea Cavone; Vittorio
Chiesa; Raffaella Manzini
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2000 Volume: 3 Number: 2 Page: 59 -- 71
DOI:
10.1108/14601060010322275
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper aims to understand whether
there are different styles of organisation and management of industrial R&D
activities. Recent cases of re-organisation of R&D activities within firms
suggest that: R&D activities tend to be carried out in different units of
the same organisation and often in different locations, and there seem to be
inter-industry differences among R&D processes. This paper attempts to
explore whether and how a certain managerial/organisational style relates to
the type of the R&D process (which varies from industry to industry) and to
the different nature of the R&D activities. It also identifies the key
characteristics of the R&D organisation and the strategic management of
technology, associated with each style. The analysis is based upon an empirical
study of 19 multinationals operating in various industrial sectors. A
classification of the types of R&D process is adopted and the key
characteristics of R&D management and organisation in each R&D type are
described and discussed.
Title:
Resource
Adequacy In New Product Development: A Discriminant Analysis
Author(s): Xueli Huang; Geoffrey N
Soutar; Alan Brown
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2001 Volume: 4 Number: 1 Page: 53 -- 59
DOI:
10.1108/14601060110365574
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: New product development (NPD) is crucial
to the survival and thriving of a business entity and a firm's sources of
advantages are important to the NPD success. This paper explores the marketing
and technical resources adequacy of Australian small and medium enterprises
(SMEs) in NPD. A survey of 276 Australian SMEs in the chemical and machinery
industries was conducted. Analytical procedures include factor analysis,
cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis. Findings from these analyses
suggest that three distinct groups in terms of their NPD resources exist in
Australian SMEs: one group with rich marketing and technical resources and
skills, one with rich technical resource only, and one with rich technical
skill only. The organisational and managerial characteristics of each group of
these firms are described. The findings imply that different resource groups
need to adopt different strategies in NPD.
Title:
Implementation
Of Success Factors In New Product Development - The Missing Links?
Author(s): Bjarne Jensen; Hanne
Harmsen
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2001 Volume: 4 Number: 1 Page: 37 -- 52
DOI:
10.1108/14601060110365565
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper addresses companies' lack of
implementation of success factors in new product development. Drawing on theory
in the competence perspective and an exploratory empirical study, the paper
points to two major areas that have not been covered by previous studies on new
product development success factors. The two areas are knowledge and skills of
individual employees, values and norms and it is suggested that increased
understanding of these two areas holds potential in making identified success
factors more accessible to companies.
Title:
Factors
Influencing Product Development Team Satisfaction
Author(s): Gloria Barczak; David
Wilemon
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2001 Volume: 4 Number: 1 Page: 32 -- 36
DOI:
10.1108/14601060110365556
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: The increasing use of cross-functional
teams for new product development (NPD) belies the difficulty managers face in
creating teams that are truly effective. Effectiveness depends, in part, on
having members who are satisfied with their team and their project. This
article reports the results of 71 interviews with members of NPD teams, with a
particular focus on the drivers of team member satisfaction. These drivers
include: team characteristics, clear project goals, clarity about evaluation
and rewards, effective leadership, management support, and manageable levels of
conflict and stress. To create satisfied team members, we discuss actions that
can be taken at the senior management, project leader and team member level.
Title:
The
Fuzzy Front End And Success Of New Product Development: A Causal Model
Author(s): Qingyu Zhang; William J
Doll
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2001 Volume: 4 Number: 2 Page: 95 -- 112
DOI:
10.1108/14601060110390602
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: While managers and researchers agree
that the fuzzy front end of new product development (NPD) is critical for
project success, the meaning of the term "front-end fuzziness"
remains vague. It is often used broadly to refer to both the exogenous causes
and the internal consequences of fuzziness. This imprecise language makes it
difficult for managers to separate cause and effect and thus identify specific
prescriptive remedies for "fuzziness" problems. The vagueness of the
concept and the lack of a framework for defining "front-end fuzziness"
also impede empirical research efforts. Building upon uncertainty theory, we
define front-end fuzziness in terms of environmental uncertainties. Front-end
fuzziness has consequences for a project's team vision. It reduces the team's
sense of shared purpose and causes unclear project targets and priorities.
Describes how foundation elements of a firm's overall product development
program can help project teams cope with front-end fuzziness.
Title: Knowledge Management
And New Product Development: A Study Of Two Companies
Author(s): Abraham B (Rami) Shani;
James A Sena; Tommy Olin
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 3 Page: 137 -- 149
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310486217
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: The essence of new product development
is the creation, utilization and exploitation of new knowledge. Business
sustainability is embedded in the firm's ability to manage its new product
development (NPD) processes. This paper explores the complex relationship
between organizational context, NPD and knowledge management. A design-based
framework is proposed and utilized in the investigation of two NPD units in
telecommunication and software development organizations. Directions for future
research are identified and briefly discussed.
Title: Determinants Of
Adoption For Organisational Innovations Approaching Saturation
Author(s): Alan A Brandyberry
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 3 Page: 150 -- 158
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310486226
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: A large-scale random sample is used to
empirically examine the relationships between adoption of computer-aided design
(CAD) and five organisational characteristics that are likely to affect the
probability of a firm adopting an information technology. The organisational
characteristics tested are bureaucratic control, internal communication,
external communication, organisational innovation, and the firm's size. Results
indicate that bureaucratic control, internal communication, and external
communication do affect the likelihood of a firm adopting CAD but
organisational innovation and organisational size do not. These results suggest
there are differences and similarities between the organisational influences
associated with classic adoption models developed with emerging technologies
and the organisational influences associated with CAD adoption and possibly
other mature information technologies.
Title: Knowledge
Integration Processes And The Appropriation Of Innovations
Author(s): Donald Hislop
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 3 Page: 159 -- 172
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310486235
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper examines the appropriation of
innovations in a number of qualitative case studies through the theoretical
lens of the activity based perspective on knowledge. Because knowledge is
deeply embedded within its context of use, and the practices through which it
is utilized, the knowledge base of most organizations is highly distributed.
This means that innovation processes which are multi-site, or cross functional
in scale, are likely to involve the integration, and reconfiguration of diverse
bodies of internal, organizational knowledge. This suggests that one of the
dominant themes in the contemporary innovation literature, which emphasizes the
extent to which they involve the integration of internal and external
knowledge, requires to be re-evaluated to take greater account of equally
important processes of internal knowledge integration. Further, the
embeddedness of knowledge in practice, means that the blending together of such
diverse bodies' knowledge is likely to involve processes of intensive social
interaction.
Title: Memes And Cognitive
Hardwiring: Why Are Some Memes More Successful Than Others?
Author(s): Richard J Pech
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 3 Page: 173 -- 181
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310486244
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Memes communicate ideas and some memes
are more successful at doing this than others. The reason for such success has
been hotly debated. It is argued that there is an ontogenetic explanation for
meme success in that a feature of the successful meme's content or message may
more readily conform to the mind's evolved structure. The hardwiring of the
mind facilitates learning but some information is often more palatable than
others. In a competitive environment where the mind can process only a limited
amount of information, information that does not conform to our evolved
cognitive structures and the implicit rules under which our minds work best,
will be less likely to be accepted. This suggests that we are more susceptible
to instinct or hardwired cognitive behaviours than we may like to admit. This
has numerous implications for people working in advertising, marketing, and
management.
Title: The Need For A New
Product Development Framework For Engineer-To-Order Products
Author(s): Abd. Rahman Abdul
Rahim; Mohd. Shariff Nabi Baksh
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 3 Page: 182 -- 196
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310486253
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: New product development (NPD) is the
cornerstone of manufacturing companies. An engineer-to-order (ETO) company can
achieve its business objectives by reducing design iterations and rework,
recognizing customer's requirements up-front and building quality into design
and manufacturing. This paper discusses differences between ETO and
make-to-stock (MTS) companies and justifies the need for a separate framework
for ETO in NPD. Four frameworks from published literature were analyzed and it
was found that the frameworks were not suitable for ETO companies due to the
differences in operations and product design activities. This paper proposes a
set of requirements for establishing a design and manufacture framework
specifically for ETO companies. The framework can aid design and manufacturing
engineers to plan their work to include customers, suppliers, consultants, contractors
and manufacturing concern during the design stage. The framework requirements
can serve as a foundation of further work to be carried out in this area.
Title: Facilitating,
Accelerating, And Sustaining The Innovation Diffusion Process: An Epidemic
Modeling Approach
Author(s): Walter Hivner; Willie E
Hopkins; Shirley A Hopkins
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 2 Page: 80 -- 89
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310475237
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Our focus in this article is on a
conceptual framework that has the potential to help managers achieve the goals
of facilitating, accelerating, and sustaining the innovation diffusion process
in organizations. We use concepts and variables from epidemic modeling to develop
a series of algebraic equations that mathematically demonstrates the process by
which innovative ideas are diffused throughout organizations, and then derive a
set of propositions from the equations that specify how variables in the
equations might be affected to facilitate, accelerate, and sustain the
innovation diffusion process. After identifying strategies designed to affect
these variables, we discuss factors that may be required to implement the
strategies successfully. Finally, we discuss other factors that managers should
consider as they take actions to facilitate, accelerate, and sustain the
innovation diffusion process.
Title: Consumer Adoption Of
Technological Innovations
Author(s): Maria Saaksjarvi
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 2 Page: 90 -- 100
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310475246
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper introduces a conceptual model
of consumer innovation adoption based on knowledge and compatibility. More
specifically, innovation adoption is proposed to be determined by four adopter
groups: technovators, supplemental experts, novices, and core experts, and the
interaction between their knowledge and compatibility with the technological
innovation. Compatibility occurs when a potential adopter perceives the
innovation as being consistent with his/her existing values, past experiences,
and needs. The model presented is intended to help researchers and
practitioners successfully identify potential adopters of a technological innovation.
Title: Corporate
Consulting In Product Innovation: Overcoming The Barriers To Utilization
Author(s): Robert Sandberg;
Andreas Werr
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 2 Page: 101 -- 110
DOI: 10.1108/14601060310475255
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Companies in the business-to-business
segment increasingly try to expand their product offerings into customer
solutions offerings. This often implies adding value through professional
services such as systems integration and business consulting related to the
parent organization's products. The addition of a consultative component to the
product business both poses new challenges and provides new possibilities for
the product organization's innovation processes. We argue that corporate
consulting units provide a vital source of knowledge for organizations seeking
to increase their innovation capacity by learning about and from their
customers. The current paper discusses the knowledge created in such consulting
business as well as the filters that hinder utilizing this knowledge in the
innovation processes of the product-oriented organization.
Title: Memetics And
Innovation: Profit Through Balanced Meme Management
Author(s): Richard J Pech
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 2 Page: 111 -- 117
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310475264
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: One of the major driving forces behind a
firm's success can be attributed to its meme management. Memes, analogous to
the biological gene, are self-replicating. They represent the knowledge, views,
perceptions, and beliefs communicated from person to person. In a business
context, memes can be used to manage market perceptions as well as managing the
views a firm has of itself. If a firm focuses too persistently on replicating a
specific product meme, and by its singularly unyielding focus fails to
innovate, a competitor may obliterate it with a disruptive leap in product
development. The former firm has failed because of its lack of flexibility and
its inability to adapt to a product or market's ongoing evolutionary process.
Discusses the example of Rip Curl, the Australian surf-wear giant, and how it
has developed and managed three memes that are central to Rip Curl's product
success as well as the company's innovative operations.
Title: Creating A Project
Climate For Successful Product Innovation
Author(s): Paul Harborne; Axel
Johne
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 2 Page: 118 -- 132
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310475273
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper reports the results of a
study into leadership of new service development projects in consumer banking.
A sample of UK businesses embracing both new entrants and mature incumbent
players was studied. The results highlight considerable similarity in the
project "micro-climate" for successful projects. It is argued that a
micro-climate is created by appropriate leadership practices and styles. The
paper highlights lessons in the organisation of innovation and the
contributions of different types of leaders.
Title: Determinants Of
Innovation In Small Food Firms
Author(s): Tessa Avermaete;
Jacques Viaene; Eleanor J Morgan; Nick Crawford
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 1 Page: 8 -- 17
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310459163
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper focuses on innovation in
small food- and drink-manufacturing enterprises in two Belgian regions. The aim
of the research was to identify patterns of innovative activities. Based on
both literature and empirical analyses, a framework was developed to help in
understanding some aspects of the determinants of innovation in small food
firms. Two conclusions can be drawn from the research. On the one hand, it is
clear that innovation was regarded as essential by most small food firms. Such
firms tended to continuously introduce new products, develop new processes,
make changes in the organisational structure and explore new markets. On the
other hand, the research demonstrated that some aspects of innovation depend on
the age of the company, company size and regional economic performance.
Title: Strategic Management
Of Technological Innovations In The Small To Medium Enterprise
Author(s): Paolo Pratali
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 1 Page: 18 -- 31
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310456300
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper addresses the problems
inherent in identifying technological innovations that can improve company
competitiveness with the ultimate aim of increasing the value of a specific
enterprise. A model is proposed that, starting with the competitive weight of a
technological innovation to processes or products, yields a strategic weight
that enables decision makers to evaluate the increase in business value
consequent on application of such innovation. The proposed model is composed of
four sub-models: the first is an analysis of process/product competitiveness
aimed at identifying competitive priorities and therefore appropriate
technologies; the second sub-model identifies the priorities of technological
intervention from amongst the competitive technologies selected; the third
sub-model correlates the two previous sub-models and thereby expresses a
"strategic weight" of the technological projects with respect to the
competitive priorities of the processes or products; the fourth and last
sub-model applies scenario simulation and sustainable growth verification to
estimate the impact of strategic project innovations in terms of increased
business value.
Title: Cross-Functionality
And Leadership Of The New Product Development Teams
Author(s): Sandra Valle; Luc’a
Avella
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 1 Page: 32 -- 47
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310456319
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This study analyses the effect of the
use of cross-functional teams and effective leaders on the success of the new
product development (NPD) process. With this aim, a sample of 125 firms
representing the most innovative industries in Spain has been used. Results
show that firms using cross-functional teams obtain a more effective NPD
process (that is, better development times and costs, and superior products)
and a higher percentage of new products that are successful in the market.
Likewise, the firms that use effective leaders achieve better development
times, superior products and a higher level of customer satisfaction.
Title: A Hierarchical
Framework Of New Products Development: An Example From Biotechnology
Author(s): Maria Tereza Alexandre;
Olivier Furrer; D Sudharshan
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 1 Page: 48 -- 63
DOI:
10.1108/14601060310456328
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Many new products are based on new
technologies, which may in turn be based on new scientific discoveries. The
extant literature on new product development has focused on how a firm may
successfully commercialize new products. There is a corporate cost associated
with new product failure, which extends beyond the final product-manufacturing
corporation to all the parties involved in the supply chain for the failed
product. The new product development community has developed frameworks for
managing the new product development process to minimize new product failure,
notably by incorporating customer preferences into a cross-functional approach
to new product design and by creating a set of decision points or stage gates.
The focus of these has been on the latter stages of the new product development
process. Besides corporate decisions, society and its various institutions play
a role in the shaping of new products from knowledge discoveries. Identifies
how other participants may indeed influence the development of new products.
Permits a more deliberate understanding of the possible impact of aiding or
preventing a movement up the development hierarchy and so a clearer
understanding of the potential benefits and opportunity costs may arise.
Title: Building
Organisational Culture That Stimulates Creativity And Innovation
Author(s): E.C. Martins; F
Terblanche
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 1 Page: 64 -- 74
DOI: 10.1108/14601060310456337
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to
present, by means of a model, the determinants of organisational culture which
influence creativity and innovation. A literature study showed that a model,
based on the open systems theory and the work of Schein, can offer a holistic
approach in describing organisational culture. The relationship between
creativity, innovation and culture is discussed in this context. Against the
background of this model, the determinants of organisational culture were
identified. The determinants are strategy, structure, support mechanisms,
behaviour that encourages innovation, and open communication. The influence of
each determinant on creativity and innovation is discussed. Values, norms and
beliefs that play a role in creativity and innovation can either support or
inhibit creativity and innovation depending on how they influence individual
and group behaviour. This is also explained in the article.
Title: Building a
Project-driven Enterprise: How to Slash Waste and Boost Profits through Lean
Project Management
Author(s): Ronald Mascitelli
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2003 Volume: 6 Number: 1 Page: 75 -- 76
DOI: 10.1108/NO_DOI
Publisher: Emerald
Article Type: Review
Title: Formalization And
Innovation Revisited
Author(s): Wynand E.J. Bodewes
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 4 Page: 214 -- 223
DOI:
10.1108/14601060210451171
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: The many studies into the relationships
between formalization and innovation have produced little but inconsistent
findings. The conceptual and operational definition of the formalization
construct is proposed to be one of the reasons for these inconsistencies. It is
argued that aggregate (organization-level) measurements of formalization are
inappropriate and should be replaced with department-specific or
process-specific measurements. Second, it is argued that formalization has been
defined in an inconsistent way. However, it is not just the coexistence of
different definitions (and their measurements) that is problematic. The
exclusion, or improper inclusion, of rule observation from the
conceptualization of formalization appears to be a third fallacy. A revised
definition of formalization is advanced as a solution to these problems. This
definition may prove to be instrumental in determining the true effect of
formalization on organizational innovation.
Title: Open Or Closed
Strategy In Developing New Products? A Case Study Of Industrial NPD In SMEs
Author(s): Martti Tapio Lindman
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 4 Page: 224 -- 236
DOI:
10.1108/14601060210451180
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This case study reports the quality of
industrial new product development in five small- to medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs) in the Finnish metal industry. The findings indicate that SMEs tend to
lack a long run perspective; that the role of new products in business strategy
calls for clarity and that the whole goal setting as to future new product
efforts is limited. The fit between market requirements and firms' own
resources is managed due to the flexibility SMEs have and by relying on an
in-house knowledge base generated through a close understanding of user
conditions. In this respect SMEs are apt to rely on reactive and closed new
product strategies only. Even if successful in the past, such strategies risk
being unable to identify and take advantage of any business opportunities outside
the present product scope. Also, the increasing need of networking may turn out
a threat if SMEs cannot establish more open development strategies.
Title: New Product
Development Team Improvisation And Speed-To-Market: An Extended Model
Author(s): Ali E AkgŸn; Gary S
Lynn
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 3 Page: 117 -- 129
DOI:
10.1108/14601060210436709
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Speed-to-market is cited as being vital
in today's competitive, uncertain and turbulent environments. To help companies
in their quest for speed in new product development, many tools and techniques
have been developed. One of the these techniques - team improvisation - is
receiving a great deal of attention in both practice as well as theory.
However, we know surprisingly little about improvisation in a new product
development context. In this paper, we extend previous team improvisation
models and test them in a new product development context. By studying 354 new
product projects, we found that team improvisation has a positive impact on
speed-to-market under turbulent markets and technology conditions, and there
are some mechanisms that can facilitate a team's ability to improvise, such as
team stability and teamwork. We also found that having a clear project goal
will detract from a team's ability to improvise.
Title:
Guiding
Innovation Socially And Cognitively: The Innovation Team Model At Skanova
Networks
Author(s): Tomas Hellstršm; Merle
Jacob; Ulf Malmquist
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 3 Page: 172 -- 180
DOI:
10.1108/14601060210436745
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper presents a case study
describing the development of an innovation team in a large Swedish telecom
company, the aim of which is to find, test and promote new product and service
concepts. Drawing on experience from the team's first year of operation, it is
concluded that certain roles given within the team, especially that of the
manager in charge of boundary work vis-ˆ-vis the line organization, actualize a
range of issues pertinent to the study of corporate venturing but redress these
in a new light. For instance the notion of guiding an innovation through a
locally conceived "innovation space" is presented, and shown to
require a previously under-emphasized measure of social and cognitive
engagement on the part of the team.
Title: Multi-Dimensionality
Of Learning In New Product Development Teams
Author(s): Ali E AkgŸn; Gary S
Lynn; Richard Reilly
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 2 Page: 57 -- 72
DOI:
10.1108/14601060210428168
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: New product development team learning is
important in today's turbulent and uncertain markets and technologies. However,
the literature treats team learning as a single construct, ignoring its
multi-dimensionality. In this study, we develop a multi-dimensional team
learning framework based on socio-cognitive constructs. By studying 124 new
product development projects, we show empirically that learning in new product
development is best conceived as a multi-dimensional structure with nine
correlated but distinct constructs including: information acquisition,
information implementation, information dissemination, unlearning, thinking,
improvisation, memory, intelligence and sensemaking. Further, we demonstrate
that a model based on the multi-dimensionality of team learning provides a more
robust explanation of new product success than does a unidimensional team
learning model.
Title: Innovation
Management Education For Multicultural Organisations: Challenges And A Role For
Logistics
Author(s): Alberto G Canen; Ana
Canen
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 2 Page: 73 -- 85
DOI:
10.1108/14601060210428177
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper aims to discuss ways for
fostering innovation management and innovation in management education
sensitive to cultural diversity. It explores strands in the literature concerning
cross-cultural awareness and undertakes a case study, carried out in a
multicultural organisation, aimed at pinpointing challenges faced by managers
working in such environments. Argues that logistics could help understanding,
sensitising and taking into account cultural diversity in management education.
Also claims that cultural plurality is an asset, rather than a constraint. The
article concludes by suggesting possible ways ahead in the development of
culturally sensitive managers in an increasingly globalised but also highly
multicultural world.
Title: Situations For
Innovation Management: Towards A Contingency Model
Author(s): Anders Drejer
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 1 Page: 4 -- 17
DOI:
10.1108/14601060210415135
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: The need for firms to become more
innovative has probably never been greater. Today concepts such as the new
economy, new technologies, hyper-competition and clock speed are used to
explain that the dynamics of competition and markets has never been greater.
Thus, there is a large focus on the concept of innovation management in firms.
Discusses innovation management, understood as being the activities that firms
undertake in order to yield new solutions within products, production and
administration. The main contribution is a discussion of how a general
framework for innovation management can be tailored to individual
situations/different firms.
Title: Innovation As The
Core Competency Of A Service Organisation: The Role Of Technology, Knowledge
And Networks
Author(s): Jay Kandampully
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 1 Page: 18 -- 26
DOI:
10.1108/14601060210415144
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Services lie at the very hub of the
economic activity of all societies, and interlink closely with all other
sectors of the economy. The exponential growth of services internationally has
not only intensified competition, but has also simultaneously posed a challenge
and an opportunity for the managers of services. This study examines the
factors underlying the growth of services, and emerging views on what
constitutes a "resource" for service organisations. To this end, the
roles of technology, knowledge and networks are examined as interdependent
factors. It is argued here that today's "resources" are the
culmination of various advances in knowledge. Technology facilitates the
maintenance of networks with customers and partners inside and outside the
firm. The network of relationships renders the firm's capabilities
"amorphous" in nature. This study suggests that this amorphous
knowledge represents the true "resource" in a service firm, and
ultimately provides the creative potential for "innovation" - the
so-called "core competency". However, innovation per se does not
benefit the firm unless it manifests superior value in the customer-driven
marketplace. Moreover, this study argues that service innovation results only
when a firm is able to focus its entire energies to think on behalf of the
customer.
Title: An Adopter-Centered
Approach To Understanding Adoption Of Innovations
Author(s): Rex Eugene Pereira
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2002 Volume: 5 Number: 1 Page: 40 -- 49
DOI: 10.1108/14601060210415162
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Introduces an adopter-centered,
process-oriented model with which to explore behavioral processes related to
technology adoption. This approach enables us to learn about adoption as a
process and to explore the subprocesses that affect perceptions and attitudes.
This perspective provides the opportunity for a much richer understanding of
how adoption occurs and how it can be influenced. Sensemaking focuses on the
adopter herself, i.e. her mental frameworks, and the antecedents and products
of those frameworks. The sensemaking model describes the evolution of the
adopter's mental framework. Rogers' innovation-decision process model charts a
progression of activities during the adoption process, whereas the sensemaking
model explains the adopter's mental mechanics at each stage.
Title: Leading For
Innovation Through Symbiosis
Author(s): Amar Dev Amar
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2001 Volume: 4 Number: 3 Page: 126 -- 133
DOI: 10.1108/14601060110399289
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Based on the experiences with various
organizations, this article summarized how managers should lead their
innovation employees for most effectiveness. The main thesis is that innovation
employees give higher performance when their managers practice symbiotic
leadership style. The article describes how managers can achieve this. Four
characteristics that they can apply to guide their leadership style to create a
work symbiosis are given. Another contribution of this article is a set of
recommendations to mimic the aspects of symbiotic leadership applicable in any
organization where the operating environment is uncertain, the task is
unstructured, and the manager cannot provide a clear direction to his employees.
Through the practice of these recommendations, managers of all types of
organizations should get higher productivity from their employees due to the
employees'
Title: Innovation And Firm
Size: An Empirical Study For Spanish Engineering Consulting Companies
Author(s): Daniel Arias-Aranda;
Beatriz Minguela-Rata; Antonio Rodr’guez-Duarte
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2001 Volume: 4 Number: 3 Page: 133 -- 142
DOI:
10.1108/EUM0000000005671
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper studies the influence of firm
size over degree of innovation in a service sector, specifically in engineering
consulting and technology services in Spain. A multiple regression analysis was
used to test hypothesis about firm size positive influence over degree of
innovation in services. To avoid distortions in this main relationship, three
control variables were introduced (degree of standardisation, degree of
customisation, and number of firm's activities). Results seem to indicate that
firm size, measured by turnover, is related positively with degree of
innovation, independently of moderate influence of control variables.
Title: A Benchmark Study Of
Strategic Commitment To Innovation
Author(s): Angela Cottam; John
Ensor; Christine Band
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2001 Volume: 4 Number: 2 Page: 88 -- 94
DOI:
10.1108/14601060110390594
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Describes the results of an empirical
investigation of the FTSE 100 which was undertaken to ascertain whether UK
industry is taking steps to address innovation at a strategic level within its
organisations. In the research study, the appointment of staff with a specific
responsibility for innovation was taken as an indicator of an organisation's
strategic commitment to innovation. The findings revealed that a significant
minority of these organisations had invested in personnel with a specific brief
for innovation. These were: directors of innovation; managers of innovation and
cross-functional teams. It is suggested that to maximise the benefits from
innovation: it must be given a strategic direction; that relevant metrics be
developed to measure the success of the innovation strategy; that organisations
are educated on the holistic meaning of innovation; and finally, that there is
a freedom from traditional hierarchical structures in the management of
innovation.
Title: Management Styles In
Industrial R&D Organisations
Author(s): Andrea Cavone; Vittorio
Chiesa; Raffaella Manzini
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2000 Volume: 3 Number: 2 Page: 59 -- 71
DOI:
10.1108/14601060010322275
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This paper aims to understand whether
there are different styles of organisation and management of industrial R&D
activities. Recent cases of re-organisation of R&D activities within firms
suggest that: R&D activities tend to be carried out in different units of
the same organisation and often in different locations, and there seem to be
inter-industry differences among R&D processes. This paper attempts to
explore whether and how a certain managerial/organisational style relates to
the type of the R&D process (which varies from industry to industry) and to
the different nature of the R&D activities. It also identifies the key characteristics
of the R&D organisation and the strategic management of technology,
associated with each style. The analysis is based upon an empirical study of 19
multinationals operating in various industrial sectors. A classification of the
types of R&D process is adopted and the key characteristics of R&D
management and organisation in each R&D type are described and discussed.
Title: From Product
Innovation To Solutions Innovation: A New Paradigm For Competitive Advantage
Author(s): Charles Shepherd; Pervaiz
K Ahmed
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2000 Volume: 3 Number: 2 Page: 100 -- 106
DOI:
10.1108/14601060010322293
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Organisations have traditionally
employed new product development frameworks to increase the effectiveness of
their innovation programmes. These strategies have worked in the past but are
increasingly being challenged by developments in the marketplace and
technologies. This has led firms in some sectors to move to a new paradigm of
competitiveness, namely solutions innovation. This paper examines the
challenges facing the computer and electronic equipment sector and the movement
to a solutions innovation paradigm.
Title: Developing Skills In
Strategic Transformation
Author(s): Gary J Stockport
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 2000 Volume: 3 Number: 1 Page: 45 -- 52
DOI:
10.1108/14601060010305256
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This article considers strategic
transformation and how organisations can learn to become better at
strategically transforming themselves over time. Two case studies are
considered, Marks & Spencer and Intel, and these provide two contrasting
examples of how organisations can either be reactive or proactive in managing
strategic transformation. The article argues that in order for strategic
transformation to become an art it must become part of the unconscious
competence mindset of the organisation. A number of questions/statements are
developed which help managers to fine-tune their strategic transformation
skills and these are interlinked and combine to form a strategic transformation
framework. Thus, the article intends to be of practical use to managers.
Title: Managing And
Organizing Innovation In The Knowledge Economy
Author(s): Jon-Arild Johannessen;
Johan Olaisen; Jon-Arild Johannessen; Bj¿rn Olsen
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 1999 Volume: 2 Number: 3 Page: 116 -- 128
DOI:
10.1108/14601069910289059
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: In the knowledge economy, where the
business environment is characterised by turbulence and complexity, knowledge
is the main source of creating both innovation and sustainable competitive
advantage. This paper describes a conceptual model and an associated set of
managerial and organising implications for the innovation-led company. The
question we are trying to answer is: which management and organising
characteristics are necessary to manage innovation in the knowledge economy?
The paper is based on in-depth interviews of 32 CEOs and top executives in
leading European organisations, 40 people known internationally for their
ability to achieve and maintain a position among the top performers in their
fields, and a "best practice study" of five leading international companies.
Title: Gaining
Competitiveness Through Innovation
Author(s): D Keith Denton
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 1999 Volume: 2 Number: 2 Page: 82 -- 85
DOI:
10.1108/14601069910269790
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Innovation has always been at the
centerpiece of competitiveness. Experimentation, exploration and a drive to
maximize resources is as essential for companies as it is for nations and our
whole species. Many of the lessons for how to best innovate can be drawn from
nature herself. The Cambrian explosion provides a good blueprint for how
innovations occur. It shows us that true innovation often occurs in sudden
dynamic shifts. It is not one of continual or gradual improvements but rather
"lumpy" improvements. It is these sudden competitive changing
innovations that open up and close out vast areas of commerce. Unfortunately,
we never know where these competitive changing innovations will occur, so it is
best to be ever vigilant and explore not only main lines of inquiry but also
by-products. Often, it is these by-products that turn out to be the competitive
shifting innovations.
Title: TQM And Business
Innovation
Author(s): Angel R Mart’nez
Lorente; Frank Dewhurst; Barrie G Dale
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 1999 Volume: 2 Number: 1 Page: 12 -- 19
DOI:
10.1108/14601069910248847
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Business innovation, that is, the
adaptation of management systems to the changing conditions of the environment,
is a key factor for organisations if they wish to survive and grow. Total
quality management (TQM) has demonstrated its potential to be a successful way
for organisations to elimintate costs, improve productivity and gain a
competitive edge in the marketplace. However, are TQM and business innovation
compatible? The advantages and disadvantages to TQM as a means of developing
and facilitating business innovations are discussed in this paper. It is argued
that TQM does not hinder business innovation and some of its dimensions can
assist an organsation to be more innovative. The compatibility of
reengineering, which is a form of business innovation, with TQM is also
considered in the paper, along with the effects of TQM on the successful
implementation of information technologies.
Title: Best Practice In
Supply Chain Management: The Experience Of The Retail Sector
Author(s): Mohamed Zairi
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 1998 Volume: 1 Number: 2 Page: 59 -- 66
DOI:
10.1108/14601069810217239
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Notes that the retail industry sector is
currently undergoing major changes resulting from factors such as increased
competition and tighter profit margins. Suggests that integrated management
through the extended supply chain is the most effective means to achieve good
value provision to the end consumer. Looks at factors such as efficient
consumer response - an initiative launched in the USA to bring together grocery
distributors and their suppliers. Also considers initiatives such as quick response
- a current UK practice which encourages the effective management of the supply
chain. Features the practices of key operators such as Safeway. Proposes a
model for effective partnerships and suggests initiatives for future success.
Title: Innovation Overview
And Future Challenges
Author(s): Brian S Cumming
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 1998 Volume: 1 Number: 1 Page: 21 -- 29
DOI:
10.1108/14601069810368485
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: This article reviews the changing understanding
of the word "innovation". It contains a summary of the critical
criteria for innovation to take place, based upon a study of previous
researchers' work in this area. Explores the way in which developments in
materials and other technologies have acted to allow innovation to take place.
It is argued that materials development is a constant source of new
opportunity, and that other advances periodically occur that also support
successful change. Micro-electronics is cited as a technology that has become a
major enabler to innovation. The pressures on modern industry to achieve
improvements to the quality, cost and development time of products are
reviewed, and it is postulated that the response to these pressures encourages
conservatism in new designs and thus acts to suppress innovation.
Title: Culture And Climate
For Innovation
Author(s): Pervaiz K Ahmed
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 1998 Volume: 1 Number: 1 Page: 30 -- 43
DOI:
10.1108/14601069810199131
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Notes that many companies pay "lip
service" to the idea of innovation and stresses that becoming innovative
requires an organisational culture which nurtures innovation and is conducive
to creativity. Considers the nature of organisational climate and of
organisational culture, focusing on factors which make for an effective
organisational culture. Looks at the interplay between various organisational
factors and innovation and suggests elements which promote innovation.
Concludes that the most innovative companies of the future will be those which
have created appropriate cultures and climates.
Title: Managing Innovation
By Design - How A New Design Typology May Facilitate The Product Development
Process In Industrial Companies And Provide A Competitive Advantage
Author(s): Myfanwy Trueman
Journal: European Journal of
Innovation Management
Year: 1998 Volume: 1 Number: 1 Page: 44 -- 56
DOI:
10.1108/14601069810199663
Publisher: Emerald
Abstract: Notes the importance of innovation with
regard to competitiveness but points out that innovation and change management
are synonymous with risk. This research presents a new design typology which is
accessible to managers and can be built into corporate strategy - allowing a
facility for controlling and managing innovation.